Glossary

One line for each term and figure on ScripLens, with a link to the section that explains it. Each anchor is a fixed address, such as /learn/glossary/#cagr, so you can link straight to a term.

Basics

Share (stock, equity): A unit of ownership in a company. A holder has a claim on part of the company's profits and assets, and may be paid dividends. See Basics →
NSE (National Stock Exchange of India): One of India's two main stock exchanges (the other is BSE). ScripLens covers companies whose shares are listed on NSE. See Basics →
Index: A calculated number that tracks a group of shares. An index level is a measurement, not a price you can buy directly. See Basics →
NIFTY 50: NSE's main benchmark index of 50 large companies, weighted by free-float market capitalisation. See Basics →
Price vs value: Price is the last traded amount. Value is an estimate of what a business is worth, which needs assumptions. ScripLens shows prices and reported figures, not estimates of value. See Basics →
Market capitalisation (market cap): Latest share price multiplied by shares outstanding. Shown in ₹ crore (1 crore = ten million). See Basics →
Large, mid and small cap: On ScripLens, by market-cap rank: the top 100 are large, ranks 101 to 250 are mid, the rest small. This follows SEBI's mutual-fund categories. See Basics →
Face value: The nominal value printed on each share (for example ₹1, ₹2, ₹5 or ₹10). It is not the market price. See Basics →
Ex-date: The first day a share trades without the right to an upcoming dividend, bonus, split or other entitlement. See Basics →
Record date: The date on which the company checks its register to decide who receives an entitlement. The company announcement gives the exact dates. See Basics →
Dividend: A cash payment made by a company to its shareholders, quoted per share. See Basics →
Bonus issue: Free extra shares given to existing holders, quoted as a ratio such as 1:1 (one new share for each one held). See Basics →
Stock split: Dividing existing shares into more shares, for example a ₹10 face-value share split into two ₹5 shares. The number of shares rises and the price per share falls in proportion. See Basics →
Rights issue: An offer to existing holders to buy new shares at a set price. ScripLens does not adjust prices for rights issues. See Basics →
Buyback: The company buys some of its own shares back from holders. ScripLens does not adjust prices for buybacks. See Basics →
Demerger: Part of a business is separated into its own listed company, and holders receive shares in the new company. See Basics →
Adjusted price: Older prices restated for splits and bonus issues so that a chart does not show a false crash on the day the share count changed. See Basics →
Bhavcopy: NSE's daily end-of-day file of prices, volumes and delivery figures for every traded security. ScripLens builds its price history from these files. See Basics →
End-of-day (EOD) data: Prices recorded after the market closes. ScripLens shows end-of-day data, not live or intraday prices. See Basics →

Reading the numbers

Financial year (FY): India's financial year runs from April to March. FY2026 means April 2025 to March 2026. See Reading the numbers →
Trailing twelve months (TTM): The last twelve months of a figure, rolled forward as new data arrives. See Reading the numbers →
P/E ratio (price to earnings): Market cap divided by the latest annual net profit. Shown as "—" when profit is negative or missing. See Reading the numbers →
EPS (earnings per share): Net profit per share, as reported in the company's filing (₹). See Reading the numbers →
P/B ratio (price to book): Market cap divided by shareholders' equity (book value) from the latest annual results. See Reading the numbers →
Dividend yield (TTM): Dividends with ex-dates in the last 12 months, restated for later bonuses and splits, divided by the latest close. See Reading the numbers →
ROE (return on equity): Net profit divided by the average of this year's and last year's shareholders' equity. See Reading the numbers →
ROCE (return on capital employed): (Profit before tax + interest) divided by (shareholders' equity + total debt). ScripLens uses this simple version. See Reading the numbers →
Net margin: Net profit divided by revenue, as a percentage. See Reading the numbers →
Debt-to-equity (D/E): Total debt divided by shareholders' equity. A ratio of 1.0 means debt equals equity. See Reading the numbers →
Revenue growth (YoY): Latest annual revenue compared with the year before, as a percentage. Blank when the earlier year is missing or negative. See Reading the numbers →
Profit growth (YoY): Latest annual net profit compared with the year before, as a percentage. Blank when the earlier year is missing or negative. See Reading the numbers →
Promoter holding: Share of the company held by its promoters and the promoter group, from the latest quarterly shareholding filing. See Reading the numbers →
Pledged shares: Promoter shares given as collateral for loans. ScripLens stores this figure but does not display it yet. See Reading the numbers →
FII (foreign institutional investors): Institutional investors based outside India, as split out in the quarterly shareholding filing. See Reading the numbers →
DII (domestic institutional investors): Institutional investors based in India, including insurers, banks and mutual funds. See Reading the numbers →
MF (mutual funds): Mutual funds' holding. It is part of DII, not an extra category. See Reading the numbers →
Other public: Public shareholding minus FII and DII holdings, from the quarterly filing. See Reading the numbers →
Standalone and consolidated: Standalone figures cover the listed company alone. Consolidated figures include its subsidiaries. Some ratios may mix the two when only one is available. See Reading the numbers →

Charts and returns

Candlestick: A bar showing one day's open, high, low and close. The body spans open and close; the wicks reach the high and low. See Charts and returns →
Volume: Number of shares traded in a session. The average shown is the mean over the last 20 sessions. See Charts and returns →
Turnover: Rupee value of the shares traded in the latest session, in ₹ crore. See Charts and returns →
Moving average (50 DMA, 200 DMA): The simple average of the last 50 or 200 daily closing prices. DMA means day moving average. See Charts and returns →
RSI (14): Relative Strength Index over 14 sessions: a 0 to 100 measure of recent average gains against average losses. See Charts and returns →
52-week high and low: The highest high and lowest low of the last 52 weeks, from adjusted daily prices. See Charts and returns →
% from 52-week high: Latest close divided by the 52-week high, minus 1. Zero means the price is at its 52-week high. See Charts and returns →
Drawdown: The fall from the highest previous price to a later low, as a percentage of that high. See Charts and returns →
Absolute return: The total percentage change over a period: (end value ÷ start value − 1) × 100. See Charts and returns →
CAGR (compound annual growth rate): The steady yearly rate that turns the start value into the end value: (end ÷ start)^(1 ÷ years) − 1. See Charts and returns →
Total return: Price change plus dividends received, with bonus and split shares counted as holdings. See Charts and returns →
XIRR: The annual rate that makes the present value of dated cash flows (money in and out) equal to zero. Used for monthly investments. See Charts and returns →
SIP (systematic investment plan): Putting a fixed amount into an investment at regular intervals. ScripLens assumes one purchase on the first trading day of each month. See Charts and returns →
Relative strength: A stock's price divided by an index level, rebased to 100 at the start. Rising means the stock moved more than the index. See Charts and returns →
Delivery %: Share of the day's traded quantity marked for delivery, as opposed to bought and sold within the same session. See Charts and returns →
Valuation history: Weekly P/E or P/B readings over time, with today's reading placed among them as a percentile. See Charts and returns →

Risk and statistics

Average (mean): The sum of values divided by how many there are. A few very large values can pull it far from the typical value. See Risk and statistics →
Median: The middle value when all values are sorted. Half the values are below it and half above. See Risk and statistics →
Percentile: Where a value sits in a group. On ScripLens, a percentile is the share of other companies with a lower value. See Risk and statistics →
Spread (10th to 90th percentile): The range that holds the middle 80% of outcomes, from the 10th to the 90th percentile. See Risk and statistics →
Histogram: A bar chart that counts how many values fall in each range. See Risk and statistics →
Volatility: Annualised standard deviation of daily log returns, as a percentage. It measures how much the price swings, not its direction. See Risk and statistics →
Log return: The natural logarithm of the price ratio between two days: ln(today ÷ yesterday). Used in volatility because it adds up across days. See Risk and statistics →
Beta: How much a stock has moved on average for each 1% move in an index: the covariance with the index divided by the index's variance. See Risk and statistics →
Correlation: A number from −1 to 1 showing how closely two series move together. 1 means always together, 0 unrelated, below 0 opposite. See Risk and statistics →
Up-month and down-month capture: The stock's average monthly move as a percentage of the index's, in months the index rose (up) or fell (down). See Risk and statistics →
Survivorship bias: Studying only the companies that still exist, which leaves out the failures and makes past results look better than they were. See Risk and statistics →
Look-ahead bias: Using information that was not available on the date being studied, which makes a past decision look better informed than it was. See Risk and statistics →
Base effect: A percentage change depends on its starting point, so the same rupee move can give very different percentages. See Risk and statistics →
Sample size: How many observations a figure is based on. Few observations make a pattern easy to produce by chance. See Risk and statistics →
Seasonality: A tendency for returns to look similar in the same calendar month across years. Based on past data only, and often on few years. See Risk and statistics →
Piotroski F-score: A 0 to 9 count of nine accounting tests on profitability, leverage and efficiency, published by Joseph Piotroski in 2000. See Risk and statistics →
Altman Z'' score: A balance-sheet model that combines four ratios into one score. Higher means further from the distress zone. Not used for banks. See Risk and statistics →

Using ScripLens

Screener: The page that filters every stock by conditions you write, such as roe > 15. See Using ScripLens →
Filter funnel: The count of matching stocks after each condition, applied one at a time, so you can see which condition removes the most. See Using ScripLens →
Watchlist: Up to 50 starred stocks, stored only in your own browser. See Using ScripLens →
Past value explorer: A hypothetical look back at what a fixed amount invested in each company on a past date would be worth today, using past prices only. See Using ScripLens →
Compare: Side-by-side view of 2 to 5 stocks, with the highest value in each row marked. See Using ScripLens →
Indices page: All NSE indices with their returns and published valuation figures, plus detail pages and an index comparison. See Using ScripLens →
Stock page: One company's chart, key figures, financials, risk, ownership and dividend sections, in that order. See Using ScripLens →
Calendar: A list of corporate events by date, such as dividend, bonus, split and board-meeting dates. See Using ScripLens →

Definitions describe how ScripLens calculates each figure. They are educational only and are not investment advice. Past performance does not indicate future results. Read the Disclaimer.